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Bulgaria Welcome
Living and working in the Bulgaria
A guide, with information, advice and useful addresses

Summary

Bulgaria Welcome

Political status
Geographical situation
Economy
Agriculture
Industry
Other sectors
Population
Language
Religion
Weights, measure & voltage
Money
Main towns
Climate
Insects
Working
Formalities
Health
Transports
Information
Time differences
Telephone
Airports
ar rental
Hotels & restaurants
Your suitcase
Banks
Schools
Guides
Observations



City Ville Guide


1 - Political status
Bulgaria is a republic with a democratic multiparty regime. The present constitution was created in 1991. The party in power is the Bulgarian Socialist Party (125 seats).

The President of the Republic is M Petar Stoainov. There are 240 seats in Parliament.

Historical outline :
681 : The first Bulgarian state was created by Khan Asparoukh
1396 : Ottoman domination
1878 : Liberation from 5 centuries of Ottoman occupation by the Russians.
1914 and 1940 : War on the side of the Germans
9th September 1944 : Adoption of a 'Popular Democratic' regime (Communist)
10th November 1989 : Todor Jivkov (who had been in power for the last 35 ans) was removed from office. He was replaced by M. Mladenov. It was the fall of Communism.
1st August 1990 : The President Jeliou Jev Jelev replaced M. Mladenov.
14th February 1991 : The Turkish language is once more authorised in the schools.
9th July 1991 : A new constitution was adopted by Parliament.
19th January 1992 : Presidential elections, Jeliou Jelev is re-elected
28th October 1992 : M. Filip Dimitrov, the Prime Minister is overthrown
30th December 1992 : M. Luben Berov becomes Premier Ministre.
2nd September 1994 : Fall of M. Luben Berov.

2 - Geographical Situation
Bulgaria is a small country with 9 million inhabitants.
Sofia is the capital.

The surface of the territory is 110 912 sq. kms., about one fifth the size of France.
The country is made up of mountains, pine forests, fertile plains, rivers and valleys.
It is situated in south-eastern Europe, with Rumania to the north, Greece and Turkey in the south and Yugoslavia in the west. The eastern coast line is on the Black Sea.
The coastline measures 300 kms and is only steep in the north. The only particular relief is the Bourgas Gulf and the Varna. There are numerous lagoons and sandy plains.From
the northern border (marked by the Danube) to the Balkan Chain stretches a plateau irrigated by the tributaries of the Danube (Isker, Vit, Jantra). This plateau is fertile and farmed, but in the east and in the south there is predominantly oak forests.
The Balkan Chain (from west to east) contains peaks of over 2000 meters : the Botev (2376 m) and the Vezen (2197 m). On their upper slopes there are pine forests and lower down forests of large-leaved trees.
The plain which is situated between the Balkans and the Rhodope range is crossed by the Mariza, 540 kms long, coming from the Rila Mts and going to the Egean Sea on the Greek and Turkish border.
Regions : Sofia, Plovdiv, Haskovo, Burgas, Montana, Lovetch, Razgrad

3 - Economy
In 1994 and 1995 the economy registered a distinct growth. Then the stagnation of foreign investment (ROVER, the English car manufacturer pulled out of Bulgaria), the high level of unemployment, the devaluation of the Lev by 68% in May 1996, and structural reforms discouraged the international financial institutions who withdrew their aid in 1995. The government of M J Videnov, elected in December 1994 failed in its objectives (he was replaced in January 1997 by M Stoianov). During 1995 salaries dropped by 11.8% and this had repercussions on the economy. 85% of the population live under the poverty line. The economic embargo against Yugoslavia had negative effects, a drop of 47% of Bulgarian exports , representing a loss of 1.83 billion dollars, 13.7% of the GDP.

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